{"id":2212,"date":"2026-09-17T18:47:46","date_gmt":"2026-09-17T18:47:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/?p=2212"},"modified":"2026-09-17T18:47:47","modified_gmt":"2026-09-17T18:47:47","slug":"autonomias-y-emancipaciones-america-latina-en-movimiento","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/?p=2212","title":{"rendered":"Autonom\u00edas y emancipaciones: Am\u00e9rica Latina en movimiento"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ra\u00fal Zibechi, <em>Autonom\u00edas y emancipaciones: Am\u00e9rica Latina en movimiento<\/em>, Lima: Programa Democracia y Transformaci\u00f3n Global \/ Fondo Editorial de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2007, 314 s. ISBN: 978-9972-834-25-7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ra\u00fal Zibechi\u2019nin <em>Autonom\u00edas y emancipaciones: Am\u00e9rica Latina en movimiento<\/em> adl\u0131 kitab\u0131, Latin Amerika\u2019da neoliberal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlere kar\u015f\u0131 geli\u015fen toplumsal hareketleri <strong>\u00f6zerklik, \u00f6z\u00f6rg\u00fctlenme ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan toplumsal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm<\/strong> ekseninde ele al\u0131r. Zapatistalardan Brezilya\u2019daki Topraks\u0131z K\u0131r \u0130\u015f\u00e7ileri Hareketi\u2019ne (MST), yerli hareketlerinden Arjantin\u2019deki piqueterolara ve geri kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f fabrikalara uzanan farkl\u0131 deneyimleri inceleyen Zibechi, toplumsal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc yaln\u0131zca devlet iktidar\u0131n\u0131n ele ge\u00e7irilmesi veya kurumsal reformlar \u00fczerinden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek yerine, hareketlerin kendi g\u00fcndelik pratikleri i\u00e7inde yeni toplumsal ili\u015fkiler yaratma kapasitelerine odaklan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kitab\u0131n temel kavramlar\u0131ndan biri <strong>\u00f6zerkliktir<\/strong>. Zibechi\u2019ye g\u00f6re Latin Amerika\u2019daki yeni toplumsal hareketlerin \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc devletlerden ve siyasi partilerden g\u00f6rece ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z maddi ve toplumsal alanlar yaratmaya y\u00f6nelmekte; kendi ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131, e\u011fitimlerini, \u00fcretimlerini ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme bi\u00e7imlerini giderek daha fazla kendileri d\u00fczenlemektedir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 ayn\u0131 zamanda hiyerar\u015fik \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme bi\u00e7imlerinden uzakla\u015fma, y\u00f6netenlerle y\u00f6netilenler aras\u0131ndaki ayr\u0131m\u0131 azaltma ve yatay ili\u015fkiler geli\u015ftirme aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. <strong>Yeni toplum, gelecekte ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek bir program olmaktan \u00e7ok, hareketlerin bug\u00fcn kurduklar\u0131 ili\u015fkiler i\u00e7erisinde filizlenmektedir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m \u00fcretim ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ili\u015fkilerine de uzan\u0131r. Zibechi, \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fclkiyetinin de\u011fi\u015fmesinin tek ba\u015f\u0131na \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftirici ili\u015fkiler yaratmaya yetmedi\u011fine dikkat \u00e7eker. Topraklar\u0131n, fabrikalar\u0131n ve di\u011fer \u00fcretim alanlar\u0131n\u0131n <strong>patronsuz ve ustaba\u015f\u0131s\u0131z \u00fcretimin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi\u011fi; e\u015fitlik\u00e7i, yatay ve daha az hiyerar\u015fik bir i\u015fb\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn geli\u015ftirildi\u011fi alanlara<\/strong> d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesini \u00f6nemser. Bu nedenle \u00f6zy\u00f6netim, yaln\u0131zca i\u015fletmenin m\u00fclkiyet veya hukuki stat\u00fcs\u00fcndeki bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik de\u011fil, \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecindeki toplumsal ve teknik ili\u015fkilerin de d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi sorunudur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kitab\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6zy\u00f6netimi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en do\u011frudan b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinden biri <strong>\u201cF\u00e1bricas recuperadas: de la supervivencia a la autogesti\u00f3n\u201d<\/strong> ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r. Zibechi, Arjantin, Brezilya ve Uruguay\u2019daki geri kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f fabrikalar\u0131 neoliberalizm ve sanayisizle\u015fmenin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015fyeri kapanmalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerin geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir yan\u0131t olarak de\u011ferlendirir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler kapanan i\u015fletmeleri yeniden faaliyete ge\u00e7irerek \u00fcretimi patronlar olmadan s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrken m\u00fclkiyet, i\u015fletme sermayesi, hammadde, pazarlama ve teknik bilgi gibi sorunlar\u0131 da kolektif bi\u00e7imde \u00e7\u00f6zmek zorunda kal\u0131rlar. <strong>Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta hayatta kalma ve i\u015flerini koruma ihtiyac\u0131ndan do\u011fan fabrika i\u015fgalleri, b\u00f6ylece i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6zy\u00f6netiminin deney alanlar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bunu izleyen <strong>\u201cZan\u00f3n. Otro mundo es posible: cer\u00e1micas Zan\u00f3n\u201d<\/strong> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn en ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6rneklerinden birini sunar. Zan\u00f3n i\u015f\u00e7ileri fabrikay\u0131 i\u015fgal ederek \u00fcretimi i\u015f\u00e7i denetimi alt\u0131nda yeniden ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f, e\u015fit \u00fccret uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 benimsemi\u015f ve \u00fcretimden sat\u0131\u015fa, sat\u0131n almadan y\u00f6netime kadar farkl\u0131 i\u015flevleri kolektif komisyonlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fctlemi\u015ftir. B\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde se\u00e7ilen ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcml\u00fc olarak g\u00f6rev yapan koordinat\u00f6rler di\u011fer i\u015f\u00e7ilerle ayn\u0131 \u00fccreti almakta; temel kararlar b\u00f6l\u00fcm toplant\u0131lar\u0131 ve genel meclislerde al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. <strong>Y\u00f6netim i\u015flevinin ayr\u0131 bir y\u00f6netici tabakas\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131, i\u015f\u00e7i denetiminin g\u00fcndelik \u00fcretim \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesine yerle\u015fmesini sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Zibechi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan Zan\u00f3n\u2019un \u00f6nemi fabrikan\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 da a\u015far. FaSinPat ad\u0131yla \u00f6rg\u00fctlenen i\u015fletmenin mahalleler, i\u015fsiz \u00f6rg\u00fctleri, Mapuche topluluklar\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fitli toplumsal kurulu\u015flarla geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi ili\u015fkiler, \u00fcretimin toplumsal ama\u00e7larla yeniden ba\u011flant\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak ele al\u0131n\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece kitapta <strong>i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6zy\u00f6netimi daha geni\u015f bir toplumsal \u00f6zerklik ve dayan\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcrecinin par\u00e7as\u0131 haline gelir<\/strong>: mesele yaln\u0131zca kapitalist i\u015fletmenin patronsuz i\u015fletilmesi de\u011fil, \u00fcretim ile topluluk aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin de yeniden kurulmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle <em>Autonom\u00edas y emancipaciones<\/em>, geri kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f fabrikalar\u0131 Latin Amerika\u2019daki daha geni\u015f a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dan d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, \u00f6zerklik ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fme deneyimleri i\u00e7ine yerle\u015ftiren \u00f6nemli bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma niteli\u011findedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ra\u00fal Zibechi, Autonom\u00edas y emancipaciones: Am\u00e9rica Latina en movimiento, Lima: Programa Democracia y Transformaci\u00f3n Global \/ Fondo Editorial de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2007, 314 s.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2213,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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