{"id":2199,"date":"2026-09-16T09:22:11","date_gmt":"2026-09-16T09:22:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/?p=2199"},"modified":"2026-09-16T09:22:12","modified_gmt":"2026-09-16T09:22:12","slug":"gestion-obrera-del-fragmento-a-la-accion-colectiva","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/?p=2199","title":{"rendered":"Gesti\u00f3n Obrera: del fragmento a la acci\u00f3n colectiva"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Anabel Rieiro ve Gerardo Sarachu (der.), <em>Gesti\u00f3n Obrera: del fragmento a la acci\u00f3n colectiva<\/em>, Montevideo: Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica \/ Editorial Nordan-Comunidad, 2009, 272 s. ISBN: 978-9974-0-0669-0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Gesti\u00f3n Obrera: del fragmento a la acci\u00f3n colectiva<\/em>, ba\u015fta Uruguay olmak \u00fczere Arjantin ve Brezilya\u2019daki <strong>i\u015f\u00e7ilerce geri kazan\u0131lan i\u015fletmeleri, i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6zy\u00f6netimini ve ortakla\u015fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma deneyimlerini<\/strong> ele alan bir derlemedir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma, ekonomik kriz ve i\u015fletme kapanmalar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00fcretimi yeniden ba\u015flatmalar\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131zca istihdam\u0131 korumaya y\u00f6nelik bir tepki olarak de\u011fil, i\u015fin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi, kolektif eylem ve toplumsal ili\u015fkilerin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan inceler. Derleme bu do\u011frultuda geri kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f i\u015fletmeleri, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin kapitalist i\u015fletmenin yerle\u015fik y\u00f6netim ve denetim bi\u00e7imleriyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldikleri a\u00e7\u0131k u\u00e7lu toplumsal deneyimler olarak ele al\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kitab\u0131n temel meselelerinden biri, <strong>i\u015fletmenin i\u015f\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan devral\u0131nmas\u0131 ile ger\u00e7ek anlamda i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6zy\u00f6netiminin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 \u015fey olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong> \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler \u00fcretime ili\u015fkin \u00f6nemli teknik ve pratik bilgilere sahip olsalar da kapitalist i\u015fletmede y\u00f6netim, finans, ticaret ve idare bilgisi genellikle patronlar ve y\u00f6neticilerde yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Geri kazanma sonras\u0131nda bu bilgilerin kolektifle\u015ftirilmesi yeni bir \u00f6\u011frenme s\u00fcrecini gerekli k\u0131lar. Y\u00f6netim bilgisinin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir grubun elinde yeniden yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131 ise i\u015f\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda yeni g\u00fc\u00e7 ve hiyerar\u015fi ili\u015fkilerinin olu\u015fmas\u0131 riskini beraberinde getirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Derleme ayn\u0131 zamanda <strong>i\u015fyeri demokrasisi ile kapitalist piyasan\u0131n zorunluluklar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki gerilimi<\/strong> ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Patronun do\u011frudan otoritesinin ortadan kalkmas\u0131, geri kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f i\u015fletmeleri piyasa ili\u015fkilerinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karmaz: i\u015fletmeler m\u00fc\u015fterilere, finansmana, teknolojiye ve pazara eri\u015fmek; maliyetleri kar\u015f\u0131lamak ve di\u011fer i\u015fletmelerle rekabet etmek zorundad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla i\u00e7eride demokratik karar alma mekanizmalar\u0131 geli\u015ftirilirken d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelen verimlilik ve rekabet bask\u0131lar\u0131 bunlarla \u00e7at\u0131\u015fabilir. Kitaptaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, y\u00f6netim teknolojilerinin ve profesyonelle\u015fmenin gerekli olabilece\u011fini, ancak bunlar\u0131n kapitalist i\u015fletmeden ele\u015ftirel olmayan bi\u00e7imde devral\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zy\u00f6netimin kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rabilece\u011fini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir ba\u015fka y\u00f6n\u00fc, <strong>geri kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f i\u015fletmelerin ekonomik s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fini ampirik veriler \u00fczerinden tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong> Uruguay\u2019daki \u00e7ok say\u0131da geri kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f i\u015fletmenin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131, m\u00fccadele bi\u00e7imleri, i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131lar\u0131 ve sonraki durumlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r; ayr\u0131ca 1997\u20132005 d\u00f6neminde i\u015f\u00e7i kooperatiflerinin demografik geli\u015fimi incelenir. Bulgular, i\u015f\u00e7i kooperatiflerinin geleneksel i\u015fletmelere k\u0131yasla ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc y\u00fcksek kapanma oranlar\u0131 g\u00f6stermedi\u011fine i\u015faret eder. Bu nedenle \u00f6nemli sorulardan biri, \u00f6zy\u00f6netimli i\u015fletmelerin neden ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu\u011fundan \u00e7ok <strong>bu t\u00fcr i\u015fletmelerin olu\u015fumunu hangi ko\u015fullar\u0131n engelledi\u011fi ve destek kurumlar\u0131 ile kamu politikalar\u0131n\u0131n bunlar\u0131n geli\u015fimini nas\u0131l kolayla\u015ft\u0131rabilece\u011fidir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Derleme i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6zy\u00f6netimini yaln\u0131z i\u015fletmenin ekonomik performans\u0131na da indirgemez. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin kolektif karar alma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine kat\u0131lmas\u0131, y\u00f6netim bilgisini edinmesi, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ili\u015fkilerini yeniden d\u00fczenlemesi ve di\u011fer i\u015f\u00e7iler ile toplumsal hareketlerle dayan\u0131\u015fma geli\u015ftirmesi, <strong>\u00f6zy\u00f6netimin yeni kolektif \u00f6znellikler ve toplumsal ili\u015fkiler yaratma potansiyeli<\/strong> a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Bu nedenle kitab\u0131n son b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri do\u011frudan emek i\u00e7inde ve emek arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015fme sorununa y\u00f6nelir; geri kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f fabrikalar\u0131n topluluklarla ili\u015fkileri ve daha geni\u015f toplumsal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm olanaklar\u0131 Gramsci, Foucault ve Holloway gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerden hareketle de de\u011ferlendirilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Gesti\u00f3n Obrera: del fragmento a la acci\u00f3n colectiva<\/em>, b\u00f6ylece geri kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f i\u015fletmeleri ne yaln\u0131zca kriz d\u00f6nemlerinde istihdam\u0131 koruyan kooperatifler ne de kendili\u011finden kapitalizm-sonras\u0131 i\u015fletmeler olarak ele al\u0131r. <strong>\u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin m\u00fclkiyet ve y\u00f6netimi devralmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan i\u015fb\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc, bilgiyi, otoriteyi, piyasa ili\u015fkilerini ve kolektif karar alma mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l yeniden kurduklar\u0131<\/strong> sorusunu merkeze yerle\u015ftirir. Uruguay deneyimine ili\u015fkin kapsaml\u0131 ampirik malzemeyi Arjantin ve Brezilya\u2019daki tart\u0131\u015fmalarla birle\u015ftirmesi, derlemeyi i\u015f\u00e7i denetimi ve \u00f6zy\u00f6netimin olanaklar\u0131 kadar i\u00e7sel gerilimlerini ve s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 anlamak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir kaynak haline getirir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Anabel Rieiro ve Gerardo Sarachu (der.), Gesti\u00f3n Obrera: del fragmento a la acci\u00f3n colectiva, Montevideo: Universidad de la Rep\u00fablica \/ Editorial Nordan-Comunidad, 2009, 272 s.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2200,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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