{"id":2160,"date":"2026-09-16T07:56:56","date_gmt":"2026-09-16T07:56:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/?p=2160"},"modified":"2026-09-16T07:56:57","modified_gmt":"2026-09-16T07:56:57","slug":"making-mondragon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/?p=2160","title":{"rendered":"Making Mondragon"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">William Foote Whyte ve Kathleen King Whyte, <em>Making Mondragon: The Growth and Dynamics of the Worker Cooperative Complex<\/em>, 2. g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f bask\u0131, Ithaca, New York: ILR Press \/ Cornell University Press, 1991, 333 s. ISBN: 0-87546-182-4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Making Mondragon<\/em>, \u0130spanya\u2019n\u0131n Bask b\u00f6lgesinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Mondrag\u00f3n kooperatifler kompleksinin kurulu\u015funu, b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini ve \u00f6rg\u00fctsel geli\u015fimini inceleyen <strong>i\u015f\u00e7i kooperatifleri ve i\u015fyeri demokrasisi literat\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn klasik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan biridir.<\/strong> Uzun y\u0131llara yay\u0131lan saha ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelere ve \u00f6rg\u00fctsel belgelere dayanan Whyte ve Whyte, Mondrag\u00f3n\u2019u yaln\u0131zca ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir kooperatif\u00e7ilik \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak tan\u0131tmak yerine, i\u015f\u00e7i m\u00fclkiyetindeki i\u015fletmelerin nas\u0131l kurulabildi\u011fi, b\u00fcy\u00fcyebildi\u011fi ve ekonomik krizlere dayanabildi\u011fi kadar, b\u00fcy\u00fcme s\u00fcrecinde demokratik i\u015f\u00e7i kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc nas\u0131l koruyabildi\u011fi sorusunu da ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kitap, Mondrag\u00f3n\u2019un geli\u015fimini tek tek kooperatiflerin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131klamaz. \u00dcretim kooperatiflerinin \u00e7evresinde olu\u015fan <strong>kooperatif bankas\u0131 Caja Laboral, sosyal g\u00fcvenlik sistemi, e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131, ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve teknik destek kurulu\u015flar\u0131 ile kooperatifler aras\u0131ndaki dayan\u0131\u015fma mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131<\/strong> b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fckl\u00fc bir kurumsal yap\u0131 olarak ele al\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle Caja Laboral yaln\u0131zca finansman sa\u011flayan bir banka de\u011fil, yeni kooperatiflerin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 destekleyen ve krize giren i\u015fletmelere finansal ve teknik m\u00fcdahalede bulunabilen merkezi bir kurumdur. Bu yap\u0131, Mondrag\u00f3n deneyiminde i\u015f\u00e7i m\u00fclkiyetindeki i\u015fletmelerin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011finin yaln\u0131zca i\u015fletme i\u00e7indeki demokratik y\u00f6netime de\u011fil, onlar\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen ekonomik ve toplumsal kurumlara da ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6nemli y\u00f6nlerinden biri, <strong>i\u015f\u00e7i m\u00fclkiyeti ile i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00fcretim ve y\u00f6netim s\u00fcre\u00e7leri \u00fczerindeki fiil\u00ee kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc birbirinden ay\u0131rmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong> Mondrag\u00f3n\u2019da \u00f6nemli politika de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri \u00fcyelerin demokratik karar\u0131na tabi olmakla birlikte, Whyte ve Whyte i\u015fletmenin genel y\u00f6neti\u015fimine kat\u0131l\u0131m ile i\u015fin g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesine kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n ayn\u0131 \u015fey olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterirler. \u00d6zellikle teknolojik de\u011fi\u015fim ve i\u015fin yeniden tasarlanmas\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde y\u00f6netici ve uzman kadrolar\u0131n belirleyici rol\u00fc, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ise kimi durumlarda haz\u0131rlanan planlara sonradan m\u00fcdahale etmesi, yazarlar\u0131 \u201ctepkisel\u201d (<em>reactive<\/em>) ve \u201cproaktif\u201d (<em>proactive<\/em>) kat\u0131l\u0131m aras\u0131nda ayr\u0131m yapmaya g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcr. B\u00f6ylece kitap, <strong>kooperatif m\u00fclkiyetinin tek ba\u015f\u0131na eksiksiz bir i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6zy\u00f6netimini garanti etmedi\u011fini<\/strong> ortaya koyan daha karma\u015f\u0131k bir Mondrag\u00f3n tablosu sunar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu gerilimler kitab\u0131n Mondrag\u00f3n i\u00e7indeki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde daha da g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr hale gelir. \u00d6zellikle <strong>1974 Ulgor grevi<\/strong>, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ayn\u0131 zamanda i\u015fletmenin ortaklar\u0131 oldu\u011fu bir kooperatifte emek-y\u00f6netim \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kalkmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren kritik bir \u00f6rnek olarak ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imde incelenir. Yakla\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6rt y\u00fcz \u00fcyenin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 grevin ard\u0131ndan on yedi i\u015f\u00e7i-\u00fcyenin ihra\u00e7 edilmesi ve y\u00fczlerce \u00fcyeye yapt\u0131r\u0131m uygulanmas\u0131, kooperatif demokrasisinin s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 konusunda Mondrag\u00f3n i\u00e7inde ve Bask toplumunda \u00f6nemli tart\u0131\u015fmalara yol a\u00e7ar. Kitap bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra 1980\u2019lerin ekonomik krizinde \u00fccretlerden ve k\u0131sa vadeli gelirlerden yap\u0131lan fedak\u00e2rl\u0131klar\u0131, kooperatifler aras\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7i transferlerini ve ortak sosyal g\u00fcvenlik mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyerek <strong>dayan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ekonomik kriz ko\u015fullar\u0131nda nas\u0131l somut bir kurumsal prati\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc<\/strong> g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1991\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f ikinci bask\u0131, Mondrag\u00f3n\u2019un sonraki y\u0131llarda daha belirgin hale gelecek uluslararas\u0131la\u015fma s\u00fcrecinin \u00f6ncesindeki \u00f6nemli bir tarihsel e\u015fi\u011fi de yakalar. Avrupa pazar\u0131nda artan rekabet, teknolojik d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, i\u015fletmelerin b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi ve \u00f6rg\u00fctsel yap\u0131lar\u0131n giderek karma\u015f\u0131kla\u015fmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yazarlar, <strong>\u00f6l\u00e7ek b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e ve piyasa bask\u0131lar\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a kooperatif demokrasisinin ve i\u015f\u00e7i kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn nas\u0131l korunabilece\u011fini<\/strong> temel bir sorun olarak ortaya koyarlar. Kitap, Mondrag\u00f3n\u2019un sonraki k\u00fcreselle\u015fme s\u00fcrecini ve yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki kooperatif olmayan i\u015ftiraklerin yarataca\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 hen\u00fcz kapsamaz; ancak bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn arifesinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan merkezile\u015fme, rekabet ve yeniden yap\u0131lanma bask\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Making Mondragon<\/em> bu nedenle yaln\u0131zca Mondrag\u00f3n\u2019un tarihini anlatan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma de\u011fil, <strong>i\u015f\u00e7i m\u00fclkiyeti, i\u015f\u00e7i denetimi, i\u015fyeri demokrasisi ve \u00f6zy\u00f6netimin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli ve piyasa i\u00e7inde faaliyet g\u00f6steren i\u015fletmelerde s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fi \u00fczerine temel bir incelemedir.<\/strong> Mondrag\u00f3n\u2019un kurumsal yeniliklerini ve ekonomik ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyarken demokratik kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131, y\u00f6netim ile \u00fcyeler aras\u0131ndaki gerilimleri ve b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 da tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, kitab\u0131 daha sonraki uluslararas\u0131la\u015fma ve kooperatiflerde \u201cyozla\u015fma\u201d tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 anlamak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir tarihsel ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131 haline getirir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>William Foote Whyte ve Kathleen King Whyte, Making Mondragon: The Growth and Dynamics of the Worker Cooperative Complex, 2. g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f bask\u0131, Ithaca, New York: ILR Press \/ Cornell University Press, 1991, 333 s.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2161,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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