{"id":1696,"date":"2026-09-10T20:00:24","date_gmt":"2026-09-10T20:00:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/?p=1696"},"modified":"2026-09-10T20:00:55","modified_gmt":"2026-09-10T20:00:55","slug":"kitap-cooperatives-confront-capitalism-challenging-the-neoliberal-economy-peter-ranis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/?p=1696","title":{"rendered":"Kitap: Cooperatives Confront Capitalism: Challenging the Neoliberal Economy \u2013 Peter Ranis"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Peter Ranis, <em>Cooperatives Confront Capitalism: Challenging the Neoliberal Economy<\/em>, London: Zed Books, 2016, 171 s. ISBN: 978-1-78360-650-4 (ciltli); 978-1-78360-649-8 (karton kapak); 978-1-78360-651-1 (PDF e-kitap).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Peter Ranis\u2019in <em>Cooperatives Confront Capitalism<\/em> adl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, <strong>i\u015f\u00e7i kooperatiflerini neoliberal kapitalizmin hiyerar\u015fik i\u015fletme yap\u0131s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ekonomik demokrasi, i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6zerkli\u011fi ve i\u015f\u00e7i denetiminin somut ara\u00e7lar\u0131 olarak ele al\u0131r<\/strong>. Kitap, kooperatiflerin yaln\u0131zca alternatif bir i\u015fletme modeli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00fcretim ve y\u00f6netim \u00fczerindeki denetimini geni\u015fletebilecek ve kapitalist m\u00fclkiyet ili\u015fkilerine meydan okuyabilecek daha kapsaml\u0131 bir toplumsal ve siyasal proje olu\u015fturup olu\u015fturamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ranis ilk olarak i\u015f\u00e7i kooperatiflerinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnsel k\u00f6klerini Marx, Robert Owen, William Thompson, John Francis Bray, Bernstein, Luxemburg, Lenin ve Gramsci gibi isimler \u00fczerinden izler. Bu tart\u0131\u015fmada \u00f6zellikle, kapitalist i\u015fletmede i\u015f\u00e7ilerin <strong>ne \u00fcretilece\u011fi, nas\u0131l \u00fcretilece\u011fi ve \u00fcretimin hangi ama\u00e7lara hizmet edece\u011fi \u00fczerindeki denetimden d\u0131\u015flanmas\u0131na<\/strong> odaklan\u0131r. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i kooperatifleri ise kapitalist veya ayr\u0131 bir y\u00f6netici s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n \u00fcretimin zorunlu y\u00f6neticisi oldu\u011fu varsay\u0131m\u0131na pratik bir kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6rnek olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kitab\u0131n ampirik merkezinde <strong>Arjantin\u2019deki i\u015f\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan geri kazan\u0131lan i\u015fletmeler ve bunlar\u0131n kooperatiflere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi<\/strong> yer al\u0131r. Zan\u00f3n\/FaSinPat, Hotel Bauen ve ba\u015fka deneyimler \u00fczerinden fabrika ve i\u015fletme i\u015fgalleri, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin \u00fcretimi yeniden ba\u015flatmas\u0131, genel kurullara dayal\u0131 y\u00f6netim, e\u015fitlik\u00e7i \u00fccret politikalar\u0131, kamula\u015ft\u0131rma talepleri ve hukuki m\u00fccadeleler incelenir. Ranis \u00f6zellikle bu i\u015fletmelerin yaln\u0131zca i\u00e7 \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri sayesinde de\u011fil, di\u011fer kooperatifler, toplumsal hareketler, yerel topluluklar ve siyasal destek a\u011flar\u0131yla kurduklar\u0131 ili\u015fkiler sayesinde ayakta kalabildiklerini vurgular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede kitap, <strong>i\u015f\u00e7i kooperatiflerinin kapitalist piyasadan tamamen ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z adalar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131<\/strong> a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a kabul eder. Geri kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f i\u015fletmeler piyasada \u00fcretmeye ve rekabet etmeye devam ederken finansmana eri\u015fim, m\u00fclkiyet sorunlar\u0131, alacakl\u0131lar ve hukuki belirsizliklerle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kal\u0131rlar. Ranis\u2019e g\u00f6re bu nedenle i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6zy\u00f6netiminin kal\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaln\u0131zca i\u015fletme i\u00e7i demokrasiye de\u011fil, kooperatifler aras\u0131 dayan\u0131\u015fmaya, toplumsal hareketlere ve onlar\u0131 destekleyen kamu politikalar\u0131na da ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Arjantin deneyimi, bu anlamda neoliberal i\u015fletme d\u00fczenini b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle ortadan kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f bir modelden \u00e7ok, onun i\u00e7inde <strong>hiyerar\u015fik kapitalist i\u015f \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesine kar\u015f\u0131 geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f somut bir alternatif<\/strong> olarak ele al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kitab\u0131n en \u00f6zg\u00fcn tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan biri <strong>devlet m\u00fcdahalesi ile i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6zy\u00f6netimi aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki<\/strong> \u00fczerinedir. Ranis, neoliberal d\u00f6nemde devletin istihdam\u0131 koruma ve ekonomik g\u00fcvence sa\u011flama sorumlulu\u011fundan \u00e7ekilmesini ele\u015ftirir ve i\u015f\u00e7i kooperatiflerinin geli\u015febilmesi i\u00e7in aktif kamu politikalar\u0131n\u0131n gerekli oldu\u011funu savunur. \u00d6zellikle ABD\u2019deki <em>eminent domain<\/em> yetkisinin, kapanan veya ba\u015fka yere ta\u015f\u0131nan i\u015fletmelerin kamu yarar\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle bedeli kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda devral\u0131narak i\u015f\u00e7ilere aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilece\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrer. B\u00f6ylece Arjantin\u2019deki i\u015fletme i\u015fgali ve kamula\u015ft\u0131rma deneyimleri ile ABD\u2019de mevcut hukuki ara\u00e7lar aras\u0131nda bir ba\u011flant\u0131 kurar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ranis ayr\u0131ca Occupy hareketlerinin yatay ve kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 demokrasi anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretim alan\u0131yla ili\u015fkilendirir. Ona g\u00f6re Occupy hareketleri g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir demokratik itiraz yaratm\u0131\u015f, ancak \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine ve i\u015fyerlerine yeterince k\u00f6k salamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <strong>\u0130\u015f\u00e7i kooperatifleri bu demokratik \u00f6zerkli\u011fi \u00fcretimin g\u00fcndelik \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi i\u00e7inde daha kal\u0131c\u0131 hale getirebilecek yap\u0131lard\u0131r.<\/strong> Bu nedenle kooperatif, yaln\u0131zca m\u00fclkiyetin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 de\u011fil, karar alma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin demokratikle\u015ftirilmesi ve i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ya\u015famlar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki denetimlerinin geni\u015fletilmesi anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kitab\u0131n K\u00fcba b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ise <strong>devlet m\u00fclkiyeti ile i\u015f\u00e7i denetiminin ayn\u0131 \u015fey olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong> fikrini \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. Ranis, 2011 sonras\u0131nda geli\u015fen kooperatif reformlar\u0131n\u0131 merkezi devlet y\u00f6netiminden daha fazla ekonomik demokrasi ve i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6zy\u00f6netimine do\u011fru potansiyel bir a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131m olarak de\u011ferlendirir; i\u015f\u00e7i meclisleri, \u201cbir \u00fcye bir oy\u201d ilkesi ve y\u00f6neticilerin \u00fcyeler aras\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilmesi gibi \u00f6zelliklere dikkat \u00e7eker. Bununla birlikte, devlet m\u00fclkiyetinin kendili\u011finden i\u015f\u00e7i m\u00fclkiyeti veya denetimi anlam\u0131na gelmedi\u011fini ve kooperatiflerin ger\u00e7ek \u00f6zerklik kazanmas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcrokratik merkeziyet\u00e7ili\u011fin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funu savunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle <em>Cooperatives Confront Capitalism<\/em>, <strong>i\u015f\u00e7i kooperatiflerini kooperatif\u00e7ilik tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6tesine ta\u015f\u0131yarak i\u015f\u00e7i denetimi, \u00f6zy\u00f6netim, kamula\u015ft\u0131rma, ekonomik demokrasi ve neoliberal kapitalizme kar\u015f\u0131 toplumsal m\u00fccadele ba\u011flam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendiren \u00f6nemli bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131r<\/strong>. Ranis\u2019in temel yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda kooperatiflerin g\u00fcc\u00fc yaln\u0131zca \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n i\u015fletmeye ortak olmas\u0131nda de\u011fil, kapitalist i\u015fletmenin hiyerar\u015fik y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imine kar\u015f\u0131 kolektif karar alma ve i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6zerkli\u011fine dayal\u0131 ba\u015fka bir \u00fcretim \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermelerinde yatar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Peter Ranis, Cooperatives Confront Capitalism: Challenging the Neoliberal Economy, London: Zed Books, 2016, 171 s.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[80,59],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1696","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kaynaklar","category-genel"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1696","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1696"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1696\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1697,"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1696\/revisions\/1697"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1696"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1696"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1696"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}