{"id":1684,"date":"2026-09-10T19:42:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-10T19:42:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/?p=1684"},"modified":"2026-09-10T19:42:01","modified_gmt":"2026-09-10T19:42:01","slug":"kitap-cooperatives-and-socialism-a-view-from-cuba-camila-pineiro-harnecker-der","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/?p=1684","title":{"rendered":"Kitap: Cooperatives and Socialism: A View from Cuba \u2013 Camila Pi\u00f1eiro Harnecker (der.)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Camila Pi\u00f1eiro Harnecker (der.), Cooperatives and Socialism: A View from Cuba<\/em>, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013, 351 s. ISBN: 978-1-137-27774-9 (ciltli); 978-1-137-27775-6 (e-kitap).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Camila Pi\u00f1eiro Harnecker\u2019\u0131n edit\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Cooperatives and Socialism: A View from Cuba<\/em>, kooperatif\u00e7ilik, i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6zy\u00f6netimi ve sosyalizm aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi hem teorik hem de farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerdeki deneyimler \u00fczerinden inceleyen bir derlemedir<\/strong>. Kitap K\u00fcba\u2019da yeni bir kooperatif hareketinin geli\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f ve kooperatiflerin sosyalist bir toplumda nas\u0131l bir rol oynayabilece\u011fi sorusundan hareket etmi\u015ftir. Ancak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yaln\u0131zca K\u00fcba\u2019ya odaklanmaz; kooperatifleri kapitalist piyasa ile merkezi devlet y\u00f6netimi aras\u0131nda basit bir \u201c\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc yol\u201d olarak de\u011fil, \u00fcretim ve y\u00f6netimin demokratikle\u015ftirilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan tart\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kitab\u0131n temel yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda kooperatifin ay\u0131rt edici \u00f6zelli\u011fi yaln\u0131zca m\u00fclkiyet bi\u00e7imi de\u011fil, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n \u00fcretim ve y\u00f6netim \u00fczerindeki kolektif karar verme g\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr<\/strong>. Ger\u00e7ek bir \u00fcretim kooperatifinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n stratejik ve idari kararlara kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 y\u00f6neticilerin takdirine b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u201ckat\u0131l\u0131m\u201d mekanizmas\u0131 de\u011fildir; \u00fcyelerin haklar\u0131na dayanan ve onlar\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu karar organlar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kullan\u0131lan kurucu bir ilkedir. Bu nedenle kooperatif, \u00fcretim ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n hukuki olarak kime ait oldu\u011fundan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak, onlar\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin kararlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar taraf\u0131ndan do\u011frudan veya se\u00e7ilmi\u015f ve denetlenebilir temsilciler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde somut bir \u00f6zy\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imi olarak ele al\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Derlemenin teorik b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri kooperatif\u00e7ilik ve \u00f6zy\u00f6netimin sosyalist d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce i\u00e7indeki tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131 konumunu<\/strong> ele al\u0131r. Marx, Engels ve Lenin\u2019de kooperatif\u00e7ilik ve \u00f6zy\u00f6netim; Lenin\u2019in sosyalist kooperatif\u00e7ilik anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131; Che Guevara\u2019n\u0131n sosyalist ge\u00e7i\u015f ve kooperatiflere ili\u015fkin yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131; Istv\u00e1n M\u00e9sz\u00e1ros\u2019un \u00f6zy\u00f6netimli sosyalizm perspektifi ayr\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde incelenir. Bu tart\u0131\u015fmalar, devlet m\u00fclkiyetinin tek ba\u015f\u0131na toplumsal m\u00fclkiyet anlam\u0131na gelip gelmedi\u011fi, i\u015fletme \u00f6zerkli\u011finin toplumsal \u00e7\u0131karlarla nas\u0131l ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilece\u011fi ve i\u015fyeri \u00f6zy\u00f6netiminin demokratik planlama ile nas\u0131l ili\u015fkilendirilebilece\u011fi gibi temel sorulara uzan\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle M\u00e9sz\u00e1ros \u00fczerinden \u00f6zy\u00f6netimin i\u015fletme s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda kalmamas\u0131, \u00fcretim, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m ve t\u00fcketimin toplumsal d\u00fczeyde demokratik olarak koordine edilmesi gerekti\u011fi vurgulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kitab\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Mondrag\u00f3n, Uruguay\u2019daki FUCVAM konut kooperatifleri, Brezilya dayan\u0131\u015fma ekonomisi, Arjantin\u2019deki i\u015f\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan geri kazan\u0131lan i\u015fletmeler ve Venezuela\u2019daki kooperatifler ile do\u011frudan toplumsal m\u00fclkiyet giri\u015fimlerini<\/strong> bir araya getirir. Bu deneyimler kooperatiflerin tek ve de\u011fi\u015fmez bir \u00f6rg\u00fctsel model olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, devletle, piyasa ile ve \u00e7evrelerindeki topluluklarla farkl\u0131 ili\u015fkiler geli\u015ftirdiklerini g\u00f6sterir. Arjantin \u00f6rne\u011finde Andr\u00e9s Ruggeri, geri kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f i\u015fletmelerin geleneksel kooperatiflerden farkl\u0131 olarak genel kurullar\u0131 g\u00fcndelik karar s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin merkezine yerle\u015ftirmelerini, patronsuz \u00fcretimi ve demokratik y\u00f6netimle piyasa bask\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki gerilimleri inceler. Brezilya b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ise demokratik ve dayan\u0131\u015fmac\u0131 kooperatifleri yaln\u0131zca hukuki kooperatif stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc eme\u011fi ucuzlatmak amac\u0131yla kullanan \u201csahte kooperatiflerden\u201d a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde ay\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Derleme ayn\u0131 zamanda kooperatifleri kapitalist piyasan\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kendili\u011finden var olabilen kusursuz \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeler olarak idealize etmez<\/strong>. Mondrag\u00f3n\u2019un b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi ve uluslararas\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 \u00fczerinden b\u00fcrokratikle\u015fme, \u00fccretli i\u015f\u00e7i kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve ekonomik rekabetin demokratik ve toplumsal ama\u00e7lar \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131lar\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k kooperatifler aras\u0131ndaki dayan\u0131\u015fma, ortak fonlar, federasyonlar, kamusal destek ve topluluklarla kurulan ili\u015fkiler, tek tek i\u015fletmelerin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlara kar\u015f\u0131 geli\u015ftirilebilecek mekanizmalar olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede kitap, kooperatiflerin tek ba\u015flar\u0131na kapitalist mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u015famayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ancak daha geni\u015f bir toplumsal d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn par\u00e7as\u0131 olduklar\u0131nda gelecekteki postkapitalist ili\u015fkilerin bug\u00fcnden deneyimlenebildi\u011fi \u00f6nemli alanlar olu\u015fturabileceklerini savunur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kitab\u0131n son b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc bu tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 K\u00fcba\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131r ve devlet m\u00fclkiyeti, kooperatif \u00f6zerkli\u011fi ve demokratik \u00f6zy\u00f6netim aras\u0131ndaki gerilimi<\/strong> tar\u0131msal kooperatiflerin deneyimleri \u00fczerinden inceler. K\u00fcba\u2019daki CCS, CPA ve UBPC bi\u00e7imleri ele al\u0131n\u0131rken, \u00f6zellikle devletin do\u011frudan idari denetiminin kooperatiflerin ger\u00e7ek karar alma \u00f6zerkli\u011fini s\u0131n\u0131rlayabildi\u011fi vurgulan\u0131r. Eserde, kooperatiflerin devlet i\u015fletmelerinin bir uzant\u0131s\u0131 gibi de\u011fil, kendi \u00fcyelerinin demokratik olarak y\u00f6netti\u011fi \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeler olarak i\u015fleyebilmesi i\u00e7in yeterli \u00f6zerkli\u011fe sahip olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi savunulur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu y\u00f6n\u00fcyle Cooperatives and Socialism<\/em>, kooperatif\u00e7ili\u011fi yaln\u0131zca bir i\u015fletme veya m\u00fclkiyet modeli olarak de\u011fil, i\u015f\u00e7i \u00f6zy\u00f6netimi, toplumsal m\u00fclkiyet, demokratik planlama ve sosyalist d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler i\u00e7inde ele alan \u00f6nemli bir kaynak<\/strong> niteli\u011findedir. Kitab\u0131n temel katk\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri, kooperatifleri ne sosyalizme otomatik olarak g\u00f6t\u00fcren yap\u0131lara ne de kapitalizm i\u00e7inde ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bi\u00e7imde yozla\u015facak giri\u015fimlere indirgemesidir. Bunun yerine onlar\u0131n demokratik y\u00f6netim kapasitelerini, piyasa ve devletle kurduklar\u0131 ili\u015fkileri ve daha geni\u015f toplumsal a\u011flarla b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fme derecelerini belirleyici meseleler olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Camila Pi\u00f1eiro Harnecker (der.), Cooperatives and Socialism: A View from Cuba, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013, 351 s.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[80],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1684","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kaynaklar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1684","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1684"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1684\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1685,"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1684\/revisions\/1685"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1684"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1684"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1684"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}