{"id":1669,"date":"2026-09-10T18:35:27","date_gmt":"2026-09-10T18:35:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/?p=1669"},"modified":"2026-09-10T18:35:28","modified_gmt":"2026-09-10T18:35:28","slug":"livre-alternative-work-organizations-maurizio-atzeni-dir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/?p=1669&lang=fr","title":{"rendered":"Livre : Alternative Work Organizations \u2013 Maurizio Atzeni (dir.)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Maurizio Atzeni (dir.), <em>Alternative Work Organizations<\/em>, Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan, 2012, 207 p. ISBN : 978-0-230-24140-4 (reli\u00e9) ; 978-1-137-02904-1 (livre \u00e9lectronique).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dirig\u00e9 par Maurizio Atzeni, <em>Alternative Work Organizations<\/em> est <strong>un ouvrage collectif qui examine, sur les plans th\u00e9orique et empirique, le contr\u00f4le ouvrier, l\u2019autogestion, le coop\u00e9rativisme et les formes d\u00e9mocratiques d\u2019organisation du travail qui \u00e9mergent comme alternatives \u00e0 l\u2019organisation hi\u00e9rarchique et centr\u00e9e sur la direction propre au lieu de travail capitaliste<\/strong>. Le point de d\u00e9part du livre est une critique de l\u2019id\u00e9e largement r\u00e9pandue selon laquelle la concentration du pouvoir de d\u00e9cision entre les mains des dirigeants serait naturelle et in\u00e9vitable. Atzeni souligne que l\u2019histoire du mouvement ouvrier est riche d\u2019exp\u00e9riences qui ont, \u00e0 maintes reprises, remis en question ces pr\u00e9suppos\u00e9s concernant la propri\u00e9t\u00e9, la gestion, le travail salari\u00e9 et l\u2019organisation du travail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans le livre, <strong>le contr\u00f4le ouvrier et l\u2019autogestion sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des concepts fondamentaux pour comprendre les formes alternatives d\u2019organisation du travail<\/strong>. Pour Atzeni, le contr\u00f4le ouvrier d\u00e9signe le pouvoir d\u00e9mocratique des travailleurs de prendre des d\u00e9cisions concernant la production et la gestion et, en ce sens, oppose \u00e0 la structure autoritaire et hi\u00e9rarchique du lieu de travail capitaliste les principes d\u2019autonomie ouvri\u00e8re, de solidarit\u00e9, d\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 et de d\u00e9mocratie directe. Le livre ne r\u00e9duit toutefois pas le contr\u00f4le ouvrier \u00e0 un mod\u00e8le unique ; il montre qu\u2019il a historiquement rev\u00eatu diff\u00e9rentes significations et formes, allant des conseils ouvriers r\u00e9volutionnaires et des coop\u00e9ratives de producteurs aux strat\u00e9gies syndicales de contr\u00f4le et aux diff\u00e9rentes formes de participation des travailleurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les chapitres de l\u2019ouvrage examinent de mani\u00e8re comparative diff\u00e9rentes exp\u00e9riences historiques et g\u00e9ographiques. <strong>Les occupations d\u2019usines et les initiatives de production alternative dans la Grande-Bretagne des ann\u00e9es 1970, la mine Tower Colliery dans le sud du pays de Galles, propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de ses travailleurs, les coop\u00e9ratives de Mondrag\u00f3n, les coop\u00e9ratives de producteurs au Venezuela, les entreprises r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9es par leurs travailleurs en Argentine, les coop\u00e9ratives en Inde et les groupes d\u2019entraide \u00e0 Nairobi<\/strong> constituent les principaux terrains d\u2019\u00e9tude du livre. Les formes alternatives d\u2019organisation du travail sont ainsi analys\u00e9es dans diff\u00e9rents contextes politiques, institutionnels et sociaux, sans \u00eatre limit\u00e9es \u00e0 la seule forme coop\u00e9rative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019une des tensions centrales explor\u00e9es dans le livre concerne <strong>la relation entre le contr\u00f4le d\u00e9mocratique instaur\u00e9 par les travailleurs au sein du lieu de travail et les pressions ext\u00e9rieures du march\u00e9 capitaliste<\/strong>. Bien que les entreprises autog\u00e9r\u00e9es puissent prendre des d\u00e9cisions collectives et d\u00e9mocratiques concernant la production, elles restent confront\u00e9es \u00e0 des conditions de march\u00e9 sur lesquelles elles disposent d\u2019un contr\u00f4le limit\u00e9, telles que les clients, les prix, le cr\u00e9dit, les mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res, la concurrence et les d\u00e9lais de livraison. Atzeni souligne que ces pressions peuvent, avec le temps, conduire \u00e0 la centralisation des d\u00e9cisions, \u00e0 la d\u00e9l\u00e9gation de l\u2019autorit\u00e9, \u00e0 une nouvelle rigidification de la division du travail et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9rosion des pratiques \u00e9galitaires. Le d\u00e9bat sur la \u00ab d\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rescence \u00bb des coop\u00e9ratives et des entreprises autog\u00e9r\u00e9es au sein du capitalisme constitue ainsi l\u2019un des axes importants du livre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cependant, <em>Alternative Work Organizations<\/em> ne consid\u00e8re pas ces limites comme la preuve que le contr\u00f4le ouvrier serait impossible ou sans importance. Dans le cas des entreprises autog\u00e9r\u00e9es en Argentine, par exemple, l\u2019ouvrage met en \u00e9vidence des transformations concr\u00e8tes telles que la suppression des postes de direction et de supervision, la d\u00e9centralisation des processus de prise de d\u00e9cision et le renforcement de la coop\u00e9ration et de la responsabilit\u00e9 partag\u00e9e \u00e0 la place des rapports de commandement et de contr\u00f4le. Le cas de Tower Colliery montre \u00e9galement que, malgr\u00e9 les pressions commerciales et techniques, des niveaux \u00e9lev\u00e9s d\u2019organisation d\u00e9mocratique et de contr\u00f4le collectif ont pu \u00eatre maintenus pendant une longue p\u00e9riode.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De ce point de vue, <em>Alternative Work Organizations<\/em> est <strong>une source importante qui examine \u00e0 la fois les possibilit\u00e9s transformatrices du contr\u00f4le ouvrier et de l\u2019autogestion et les limites que leur imposent le march\u00e9 capitaliste, l\u2019\u00c9tat et l\u2019environnement institutionnel<\/strong>. Plut\u00f4t que de pr\u00e9senter les formes alternatives d\u2019organisation du travail comme des mod\u00e8les id\u00e9aux, l\u2019ouvrage est particuli\u00e8rement pr\u00e9cieux parce qu\u2019il montre les luttes sociales dont elles sont issues, la mani\u00e8re dont elles se transforment dans leur fonctionnement quotidien et les conditions mat\u00e9rielles et institutionnelles auxquelles elles doivent faire face pour maintenir leurs pratiques d\u00e9mocratiques.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Maurizio Atzeni (dir.), Alternative Work Organizations, Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan, 2012, 207 p.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[196],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1669","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ressources"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1669","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1669"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1669\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1670,"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1669\/revisions\/1670"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1669"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1669"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1669"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}