{"id":1264,"date":"2026-04-23T18:18:27","date_gmt":"2026-04-23T18:18:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/?p=1264"},"modified":"2026-04-23T18:25:59","modified_gmt":"2026-04-23T18:25:59","slug":"worker-buyouts-wbos-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/?p=1264&lang=fr","title":{"rendered":"Worker Buyouts \u2013 WBOs"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>D\u00e9finition<\/strong><br>Les reprises d\u2019entreprises par les salari\u00e9s d\u00e9signent des processus par lesquels la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019une entreprise est transf\u00e9r\u00e9e partiellement ou totalement \u00e0 ses employ\u00e9s par achat ou reprise, puis r\u00e9organis\u00e9e sur une base collective. Dans ce mod\u00e8le, les travailleurs deviennent \u00e0 la fois propri\u00e9taires et gestionnaires de l\u2019entreprise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Champ<\/strong><br>Les reprises d\u2019entreprises par les salari\u00e9s apparaissent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement dans des situations de crise, de faillite ou de fermeture imminente. Ces processus se r\u00e9alisent par la mobilisation de ressources individuelles ou collectives des travailleurs et, dans certains cas, par l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des m\u00e9canismes de soutien public. Les entreprises reprises fonctionnent souvent sous forme coop\u00e9rative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Distinction<\/strong><br>Les reprises d\u2019entreprises par les salari\u00e9s se distinguent des autres formes de production collective sur les points suivants :<br>La propri\u00e9t\u00e9 est acquise par des m\u00e9canismes formels d\u2019achat ou de transfert.<br>Le processus se d\u00e9roule g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement dans des cadres juridiques et institutionnels.<br>Les relations de march\u00e9 et les conditions de concurrence demeurent d\u00e9terminantes.<br>En ce sens, contrairement \u00e0 l\u2019autogestion ouvri\u00e8re ou aux occupations d\u2019usines, les reprises par les salari\u00e9s sont souvent consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme un mod\u00e8le plus institutionnalis\u00e9 et int\u00e9gr\u00e9 au march\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Exemple historique<br><\/strong>Parmi les formes institutionnalis\u00e9es de reprises par les salari\u00e9s figurent les Sociedades Laborales en Espagne, les coop\u00e9ratives cr\u00e9\u00e9es dans le cadre de la loi Marcora de 1985 en Italie, le mod\u00e8le SCOP (Soci\u00e9t\u00e9s Coop\u00e9ratives de Production) en France et le syst\u00e8me ESOP (Employee Stock Ownership Plan) aux \u00c9tats-Unis. Ces mod\u00e8les offrent des cadres importants pour la participation des travailleurs \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 des entreprises dans diff\u00e9rents contextes nationaux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00c9valuation<\/strong><br>Les reprises d\u2019entreprises par les salari\u00e9s constituent une alternative importante pour la pr\u00e9servation de l\u2019emploi et la continuit\u00e9 des entreprises. Toutefois, les conditions du march\u00e9, les besoins de financement et les d\u00e9fis de gestion repr\u00e9sentent des limites importantes. Ainsi, bien qu\u2019elles constituent une forme de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 collective, elles ne correspondent pas n\u00e9cessairement \u00e0 des pratiques compl\u00e8tes d\u2019autogestion.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mod\u00e8le d\u2019organisation dans lequel les entreprises sont rachet\u00e9es par leurs salari\u00e9s, qui assument collectivement la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et la gestion.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1267,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[188,186,194],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1264","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economie-solidaire","category-entreprises-recuperees","category-notions"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1264","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1264"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1264\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1265,"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1264\/revisions\/1265"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1267"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1264"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1264"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/iscidenetimi.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1264"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}