Definition
Platform cooperatives refer to a cooperative model in which the ownership and governance of digital platforms are collectively assumed by workers, users, or relevant stakeholders.
Scope
This model represents an alternative form of organisation that has emerged particularly within the fields of the platform economy and digital labour. Found in sectors such as transportation, delivery, and freelance work platforms, platform cooperatives aim to reorganise digital infrastructure on the basis of collective ownership.
Distinction
Platform cooperatives differ from traditional platform companies in the following ways:
Ownership is held by participants rather than investors.
Governance processes are more democratic and participatory.
Income distribution is intended to be more equitable.
Historical example
In recent years, the platform cooperative movement has developed particularly in Europe, the United States, and Latin America, providing contemporary examples of this model. Initiatives such as Señoritas Courier (Brazil), Mensakas (Spain), and The Drivers Cooperative (USA), as well as federations like CoopCycle (Europe), are among the notable examples in this field.
Evaluation
While platform cooperatives hold the potential to offer an alternative to digital capitalism, they face significant challenges in areas such as scaling, financing, and technological infrastructure.